RoboGEO software might be pretty much what you need - if your phone's camera can geotag (put GPS coordinates into the EXIF fields of your photos), you can use RoboGEO to create the KML/whatever files you'd like to use. Otherwise, use a GPS & camera combo. Once the camera & GPS have sync'ed clocks, you shoot all your items. Later, with the software, you can create all sorts of output to track your stuff.

http://www.robogeo.com/home/

Generally, what you're talking about is a very simple GIS (Geographic Information System) that attaches info to location. In a "real" GIS, the data you collect can be mixed in with zillions of other GIS records for all sorts of simple-to-sophisticated analysis. You can always go big on this one!

Maybe this?

Inventory Scanner: http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/inventory-scanner/id365563373?mt=8

AntiMap Log does this (free) and has iOS and Android versions.

Google's My Track for Android tracks your location data, and exports it in various formats - of special interest to you would be CSV - this file can be imported easily into Excel.

https://market.android.com/details?id=com.google.android.maps.mytracks&feature=search_result